xii
12.
Monthly deer winter severity index
(DWSI) for individual study sites in
southwest
Minnesota, 2001-02 (One point accumulated for each day with
an ambient
temperature ≤-7 C°, and an additional point accumulated for
each day with
snow depths ≥35.0 cm; National Climatic Data Center 2002,
Climatology
Working Group
2003).................................................................... 113
13.
Annual deer winter severity index
(DWSI) for individual study sites in
southwest
Minnesota, 2000-02 (One point accumulated for each day
between
November and March with an ambient temperature ≤-7 C°, and
an additional
point accumulated for each day with snow depths ≥35.0 cm;
National
Climatic Data Center 2002, Climatology Working Group 2003)........ 114
14.
To determine
the age for white-tailed
deer neonates, the
distance from
growth ring to
hairline was measured (mm) on front hoof
(Haugen and
Speak
1958)...................................................................................
115
15.
Cause-specific
mortality for radiocollared white-tailed deer neonates in
southwest
Minnesota, summer
2001-02............................................................. 116
16.
Dispersal
distance and direction for radiocollared female white-tailed deer in
southwest
Minnesota,
2001.................................................................................
117
17.
Migrations for
radiocollared female white-tailed deer at Lake Benton
study site in
southwest Minnesota, 2001-02 (Refer to Figure 4 for location
of study site
in southwest
Minnesota)................................................................. 118
18.
Migrations for
radiocollared female white-tailed deer at Walnut Grove
study site in
southwest Minnesota, 2001-02 (Refer to Figure 4 for location
of study site
in southwest
Minnesota)................................................................. 119
19.
Migrations for
radiocollared female white-tailed deer at Redwood Falls
study site in
southwest Minnesota, 2001-02 (Refer to Figure 4 for location
of study site
in southwest
Minnesota)................................................................. 120
20.
Fall migration events by study
site for radiocollared female white-tailed
deer in southwest Minnesota,
2001. The Y-axis is shared by all three
variables
(i.e., temperature [C°], snow depth [cm], migrating [%]).
A migration event represents
the percentage of total individuals at each
study site with
known departure dates from summer range............................... 121