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Stop Animal
Exploitation NOW!
S. A. E. N.
"Exposing the truth to wipe
out animal experimentation"
Government Grants Promoting Cruelty to Animals
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
JON H. KAAS- Primate Testing - 2006
Grant Number: 5R01EY002686-30
Project Title: Functional Organization of the Visual System
PI Information: PROFESSOR JON H. KAAS,
jon.h.kaas@vanderbilt.edu
Abstract: The research will address a series of hypotheses about
how visual cortex is organized in primates by relating connection
patterns revealed by the use of 4 or more distinguishable tracers in
single cases. Results will be related to cortical areas defined by
architecture or relative location, and in some instances by
electrophysiological mapping and optical imaging techniques. Neurons
labeled by each injection will be counted in each area, and the
proportion of the area with labeled cells measured so that connection
magnitudes and topographic foci can both be quantified. (1.) In one set
of experiments, injections of different tracers into 4 or more locations
in the superior colliculus will be used to reveal for the first time the
total projection pattern from cortical areas and the retinotopy of the
projections of individual areas to the superior colliculus. The results
will address hypotheses that some areas contribute more to superior
colliculus function than others, and that differences in functional
roles are reflected in differences in the topographic precision of those
projections. (2.) Under the premise that different parts of the same
area will have similar connections, injections of tracers will be used
to evaluate the hypothesis that V3v and V3d are parts of the same
area,V3, rather than separate areas with V3v being VP or V3d being part
of DM. (3.) Connection patterns will be used to evaluate our proposal
that the "V4" region in primates actually consists of two separate areas
and part of another. We predict that each of the three areas will have a
different pattern of connections with other cortical areas. (4.) Visual
area MT is interconnected with intraparietal cortex, but it' s not known
if these connections are topographic, and if one or two IP areas, LIP
and VIP, exist. Injections in 4 locations in MT will address this issue
by determining if one or two topographic patterns of connections with IP
cortex exist. The connection patterns with MT are also expected to be
topographic with proposed areas FSTd and DM, establishing them as valid
areas. We expect that the results of these experiments will greatly
advance our understanding of the organization of visual cortex in
primates, and produce more accurate models of the human visual system
that will permit more appropriate interpretations of functional data.
Thesaurus Terms:
Primate, biological model, brain mapping, neural information processing,
neural plasticity, superior colliculus, visual cortex, visual pathway
intercellular connection, neurophysiology, sensory cortex, species
difference Aotus, Macaca, Prosimii, electrophysiology, experimental
brain lesion, histochemistry /cytochemistry, histology, microelectrode,
microinjection, neuronal transport
Institution: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
Medical Center, NASHVILLE, TN 372036869
Fiscal Year: 2006
Department: PSYCHOLOGY
Project Start: 01-JUN-1978
Project End: 30-APR-2009
ICD: NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE
IRG: CVP
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science.
2000;41:4022-4031
Binocular Cross-Orientation Suppression in the Primary Visual Cortex
(V1) of Infant Rhesus Monkeys
Minoru Endo1,2, Jon H. Kaas3,
Neeragi Jain3, Earl L. Smith, III1
and Yuzo Chino1
1From the College of Optometry,
University of Houston, Houston, Texas; and 2Department
of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
Subjects and Surgical Preparation
The preparation and recording methods have been described in detail
elsewhere.8 12 The ages of the infant monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at the
time of recording experiments were 1 (n = 3), 2 (n = 2), 4 (n = 2), or 8
weeks (n = 2). The monkeys were anesthetized initially with an
intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (15–20 mg/kg) and
acepromazine maleate (0.15–0.2 mg/kg), and a superficial vein was
cannulated. All subsequent surgical procedures, including a tracheotomy
and a small craniotomy and durotomy over the operculum of V1, were
carried out under sodium thiopental anesthesia (2.5% solution). Each
animal was given an initial injection of between 10 and 15 mg/kg. During
the surgical procedures small amounts of the anesthetic were given every
5 to 10 minutes to maintain a deep level of anesthesia, that is, the
corneal blink reflex and the withdrawal reflex produced by a paw-pad
pinch were completely suppressed. After all surgical procedures, the
animals were paralyzed by an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of pancuronium
bromide (a loading dose of 0.1–0.2 mg/kg, followed by a continuous
infusion at the rate of 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg/h). The animals were
artificially respired with a mixture of 59% N2O, 39% O2, and 2% CO2 to
maintain an end-tidal CO2 between 4.0% and 4.5%. The core body
temperature of the monkeys was kept at 37.6°C. Throughout the recording
session, the anesthesia was monitored and maintained by the continuous
i.v. infusion of sodium pentobarbital (2–4 mg/kg/h). Cycloplegia was
produced by 1% atropine sulfate, and the animal’s corneas were protected
with rigid, gas permeable, extended-wear contact lenses. Retinoscopy was
used to determine the contact lens parameters required to focus the eyes
on the stimulus screens. |
Please email: JON H. KAAS,
jon.h.kaas@vanderbilt.edu to protest the inhumane use of animals in this
experiment. We would also love to know about your efforts with this
cause:
saen@saenonline.org
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Rats, mice, birds, amphibians and other animals have
been excluded from coverage by the Animal Welfare Act. Therefore research
facility reports do not include these animals. As a result of this
situation, a blank report, or one with few animals listed, does not mean
that a facility has not performed experiments on non-reportable animals. A
blank form does mean that the facility in question has not used covered
animals (primates, dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, pigs,
sheep, goats, etc.). Rats and mice alone are believed to comprise over 90%
of the animals used in experimentation. Therefore the majority of animals
used at research facilities are not even counted.
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