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Reports Primate Health Care Report Information Primate rq2849 3-12-03 finger laceration (bite wound) with
swelling and discharge. By 4-7-03 injury is re-opened with “deep wound”
which extends about 50% around the hand. Finger amputated on 4-7-03.
Either repeated self-injurious behavior if isolated, or injury from
cagemate if group housed. Primate rq3810 2-6-03 listed as “self-traumatizing multiple
sites on arms” 2-17-03 aggressive and making threatening gestures later
again noted as being very aggressive and very active. Primate Rq3703 – after several LDA administrations 6-27-03
craniotomy – “animal had excessive bleeding from dura midline during
procedure” develops dyskinesia on right side. Primate “mini me” F16931 – released from quarantine on
12-23-02. 2-7-03 examined for self-biting behavior. Placed arm in mouth.
No treatment given at this time. 4-7-03 under arm and arm pit irritation
looks like scratching and bruising, more on rt. Hand. 4-9-03 “animal
shows clear signs of self-biting injury.”4-15-03 “minor self-inflicted
injury to L shoulder area” 4-16-03 “under arm and armpit redness and
bruising again” 4-17-03 “newly inflicted self injurious behaviors
bilateral armpit area” 4-18-03 “Potential for pair housing. Transferred
this animal in a cage across from a self-biter.” 4-21-03 “Health check
filled out due to self bite wound under arm – red, swollen, puncture &
blood.”4-25-03 put on lorazepam for self-injurious behavior. 4-28-03
changed to prozac. 4-30-03 “animal has new injury to r lower leg
frontal; fresh blood seen.” 5-8-03 “animal brought to procedure area . .
. for canine blunting procedure.”8-18-03 “Monkey has one very small
self-injury under its right arm.” 8-23-03 “monkey is reported to have
some episodes of mock self-biting. It is not actual biting but is
placing arm in mouth. This may be a compulsion.” 9-30-3 ketamine for
implant surgery. 10-3-03 serous discharge from wound margin (by implant)
12-9-03 ketamine for transport to necropsy room 9-30-03 surgery for
implant Primate mmu31323 Bill rhesus -- surgical procedure 5-11-04
head post /cylinder surgery after procedure “placed in chair” 5-27-04 –
surgical procedure “implant repair” returned to chair 6-9-04 surgery:
implant repair the primate had removed the sutures. Primate rq3816 -- found dead in cage on 1-17-03. Died after
administration of L-Dopa. Possible stroke. Primate rq3697 -- on 1-15-03 given fluids due to lack of
appetite and decreased urinary output. Noted for decreased appetite for
seven days; on 1-23-03 animal found in cage inactive and crouched at 1
am. Dead by 8 am. By the time of death the animal is listed as thin with
“Spinous processes and pelvic bones prominent.” This indicates severe
debilitation. Primate f-17034 surgery on 7-31-03. Reported on 8-4-03 for
burn from heat support post-op. “Skin lesion on left flank and second
one on left upper thigh.” 3 cm by 1.5cm. Possibly self-mutilation. Primate rq 3719 3-12-03 red irritated area on neck, later on
writs also 5-16-03 hair loss – may be pulling hair euthanized 11-5-03
Primate 106-144 typical of primates given MPTP injections.
Overall depressed condition, often listed as eating less, losing weight,
and becoming unresponsive; “Monkey is sitting crouched in cage (akinetic)
responds minimally to stimulation. Will move and lift head. . . . hind
feet ulcers/excoriations need to be cleaned . . . wt. loss > 10% “ These
animals are clearly severely stressed and suffering yet no column E
listings for UCSF. Weight loss occurred in period of 1 month. Primate 30332 (researcher – Lisberger) -- 2-6-03 surgery to
implant 2 recording cylinders and head implant – placed in chair after
surgery – 3-11-03 implantation of eye coil – returned to chair consuming
500 ccs of water per day. 7-22-03 ketamine in the chair to touch up the
acylic on the implant. Lacerations from wounds inflicted by cagemate on
9-12-03 – 9-15-03 examined in chair 9-18-03 shoulder wound re-opened
9-29-03 examined in chair. Primate 30562 – (researcher – Lisberger) – cylinder implant
1-9-03 rapid recovery – placed in chair 2-26-03 “Sx site moderate amt of
dried blood present. . . . Moderate amount of serous d/d at implant
margin overall.” 2-27-03 “Sx site continues . . . small amt of serous
d/d at skin margin.” 3/3/03 “swelling at caudal edge of implant site.
Implant surgery was last week. Appetite has been reduced since surgery.
Water consumption reduced too, even though offered well above normal.”
3-3-03 “Diarrhea seen in the cage.” 3-13-03 “Implant culture results
shows some growth.” 3-7-03 “Dura peel . . . . kept in the chair w/his
head fixed.” 4-1-03 “Dura peel finished; monkey still sedated; kept in
the chair w/head fixed.” Dura peels done again on 4-22; 5-6; 5-19; 5-27;
6-11-03 “lab reports that monkey is performing poorly @ minimal work
tasks.” Dura peels again on 6-22; 6-30; 7-6; 7-10; 7-19; 8-5; 8-16;
9-13; 9-28; 10-2; 10-13; 10-13; 10-20; 10-26; 11-2; 11-16; 12-1; 12-7;
12-23-03 monkey in chair for cleaning experienced 30 -45 sec seizure.
Dura peels 1-10-04; 1-17-04; 2-3-04; 2-14-04; 2-28-04; 3-13-04; 4-19-04;
5-1-04; 5-15-04; 5-31-04; 6-11-04; 6-14-04; 6-25-04; 7-904; 7-15-04;
7-23-04; 9-10-04; 9-24-04; Research Protocols: Neural Control of Eye Movements – Stephen Lisberger project is
24 years old and is funded through 2009. uses 14 rhesus monkeys brings
$1.3 million to UCSF per year through 2 separate grants. Quotes from
Protocol: ”First we prepare a place on the skull to cement a connector to which
the wires from the coil are soldered. We clear a spot about the size of
a nickel on the top of the skull just above the brow and tap 3
orthopedic self-taping screws into the skull. Second we prepare the eye
for the coil. We use a scalpel to make a circular incision around the
limbus, and blunt dissection under the microscope to open a space
between Tenson’s capsule and the sclera. A pre-mae coil is placed in the
dissected space ans cemented to the eyeball using a tiny amount of
sterile histacryl blue (Vetbond). Onr or two sutures are taken in the
conjunctiva to hold it and tenon’s capsule tight around the sclera. The
leads from the coil are led subcutaneously to the site prepared for the
connector and soldered. Dental acrylic is used to cement the connector
to the screws in the bone. . . . We use 3 or 4 titanium plates to secure the head holding socket to
the skull. The plates are about 4m wide and 2cm long and they have as
many holes as can be fit. They are implanted in a radial configuration
centered at the site on the skull where the head holding socket will
sit. To implant the plates, we make a midline incision in the scalp and
clear the muscle and periosteum off the bone. We bend the plaes so they
follow the profile of the skull and we then use a hand drill to drill
and tap 3 to 6 holes for screws that secure the plates to the skull. A
small volume of dental acrylic is then used to secure the head-holding
socket to the plates at the point where they converge and the skin is
sutured to cover the plates and approximate nicely to the implant. . . .
A trephine is sued to expose the dura by cutting a circular hole in
the calvarium at a site that is localized by the use of a stereotaxic
apparatus. We place several bolts and/or self-tapping screws in the bone
around the periphery of the opening and secure the cylinder to the bolts
with dental acrylic. The cylinder is then filled with saline and
antibiotic and caped with a secure plastic cap. An incision is made behind the ear and blunt dissection is used to
carefully clear a large area of temporal bone. While viewing through an
operating microscope, a large burr is used to gently drill through the
air cells of the temporal bone until the largest air cell, the antrum is
exposed. The antrum is then gently enlarged until the bone of the
labyrinth appears. A diamond burr is then used to gently thin the bone
over the canal selected for the implant until a thin blue line appears,
denoting endosteal bone. A dissecting pin is then used to make a tiny
hole in the wall of the canal, and the active electrode is placed in
contact with the bone in one of the air cells, and a combination of
histacryl blue (vetbond) and dental cement is then used to secure the
wires in place.” Behavior training sessions last for one – two hours. All fluids are
given during training sessions. Therefore, primates can go for 22 hours,
5 days per week without water or fluids of any kind. Neural Correlates of Sensorimotor Adaptation in Macaque Cortex
-- Similar procedures to above protocol, use of electrodes, recording
cylinders, head restraint socket, etc. This protocol uses food and/or
water deprivation. Structural Basis of Amblyopia and Strabismus – Jonathan Horton
$525,000 Rat experiments involve “monocular enucleation” removal of one eye.
They use ketamine in rats. It is only approved for use in cats and
primates. One eye is sewed closed to cause visual deprivation. Animal
anesthetized for 5 days continuously. 24 hour monitoring is unlikely.
These animals not covered by the AWA. Withheld procedures for primates
and cats. According to publication circa 2003 the primates have one eye
removed. The Representation of Retinal Blood Vessels in Primate Striate
Cortex Daniel L. Adams and Jonathan C. Horton Beckman Vision Center, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, California 94143-0730 The Journal of Neuroscience, July 9, 2003, 23(14):5984-5997 “Experimental animals. These experiments were performed on 12 adult
squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) from an indoor colony at the
California Regional Primate Research Center (Davis, CA). All procedures
were approved by the University of California San Francisco Committee on
Animal Research. Each animal was normal, verified by complete
ophthalmological examination under ketamine anesthesia (15 mg/kg, i.m.).
During this examination, the ocular fundi were photographed with a model
TRC-FE camera (Topcon Medical Systems, Paramus, NJ) mounted on a
platform that allowed easy pivoting around the center of the optical
axis on the corneal front surface. These photographs were montaged using
Photoshop 6.0 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA). After the photographic montages of the fundi were prepared (usually 1
week later), each animal was brought back to the laboratory for
calibration of the pictures by projection of retinal landmarks onto a
tangent screen. Each animal was given ketamine HCl (15 mg/kg, i.m.),
intubated, and respirated with 2% isoflorane in a 50:50 mixture of
O2/N2O. Under general anesthesia the following parameters were monitored
continuously: temperature, EKG, heart rate, respiratory rate, tidal
volume, end-tidal CO2, SpO2, inspiratory and expiratory isoflorane, O2,
and N2O concentrations. Paralysis was induced with succinylcholine HCl
at an infusion rate of 45 mg/kg, i.v. The animal was placed in a stereotaxic frame mounted on a model 413
professional tripod (Gitzo, Créteil, France). The tripod allowed us to
orient the stereotaxic frame to align the eye's visual axis
perpendicular to the center of a 6 x 9 foot tangent screen located 57
inches away. The pupils were dilated with 2.5% neosynephrine HCl and
0.125% scopolamine HCl drops. A hard 7.5 mm diameter contact lens was
used to prevent corneal drying. The fundus montage (prepared in advance) was used to select a
prominent retinal landmark (e.g., a vessel bifurcation). The landmark
was then identified through the fundus camera in the anesthetized,
paralyzed animal. The crosshair of the camera was focused on the
landmark and locked in place. Next, a mirror was placed flush against
the barrel of the objective lens, and the shutter was tripped with the
back of the camera open. This reflected a small circle of light back to
the tangent screen at a position corresponding to the retinal landmark.
With practice, retinal landmarks in the central 30° could be projected
with an accuracy of ±0.1°. After plotting 15 landmarks, we rechecked the
position of the first few to ensure that no eye movements had occurred
during the hour required for retinal calibration. Eye movements were
rare because of the high dose of succinylcholine used during these brief
measurements. The calibration process was repeated in the fellow eye,
after the tripod was adjusted to position its optical axis perpendicular
to the tangent screen. Positioning the optical axis perpendicular to the
tangent screen made it easy to convert distance ( ) on the tangent
screen from the foveal projection point to degrees eccentricity ( ) by
using the formula = arctan /57. After finishing the calibration process for each retina, we
enucleated one eye using sterile technique.”
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