PAWS Performing Animal
Welfare Society
June 2018
By 2010 only Toka, Thika and Iringa remained, the Toronto Zoo having lost four elephants in as many years and others before that. After the zoo decided to end its elephant program, the Toronto City Council voted to relocate the elephants to PAWS.
Toka on the right, with Maggie
You can easily identify African elephant Toka as she navigates the
grass-covered hills at ARK 2000, together with Maggie and Lulu. Her long
tusks make her stand out from the other elephants. The 48-year-old elephant
came to PAWS in October 2013 from the Toronto Zoo, with Thika and Iringa.
Iringa was humanely euthanized in July 2015 following a long history of
degenerative joint and foot disease, the leading reasons for euthanizing
elephants in captivity.
Toka was only four years old when she arrived in Toronto – one of seven
wild-caught elephants imported from Mozambique in 1974 (she is the only
surviving member of the group). She likely was the victim of a cull, meaning
that she witnessed the massacre of her protective mother and aunts, before
being thrust into a crate and shipped across the world. Toka would spend the
next 39 years at the zoo, living in close quarters amid a number of
elephants and the ever-shifting alliances between them. She gave birth to a
female calf named Toronto, who died at age 10. By 2010 only Toka, Thika and
Iringa remained, the Toronto Zoo having lost four elephants in as many years
and others before that. After the zoo decided to end its elephant program,
the Toronto City Council voted to relocate the elephants to PAWS.
Today Toka spends her days immersed in nature, foraging throughout the day
on grass, trees and other fresh vegetation. She loves being close to friends
Lulu and Maggie, as the group moves together throughout their habitat. If
there is one thing Toka adores, it’s a good mud bath. She can often be found
stomping, splashing and rolling in the mud, which serves to protect her skin
from insects and the sun.
Toka’s caregivers report that she is relaxed and calm during husbandry care and training, and that bananas send her into a blissful state as she savors this special treat.
Some people think that all elephants get along because they are a social
species, but this isn’t always the case. Female elephants naturally would
only live with their mothers, daughters, other female family members and
their offspring – and not with unrelated elephants. In captivity, elephants
are haphazardly brought together. Not only are they not from the same
family, they aren’t even from the same locale. Home countries for the
African elephants at PAWS include Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland and South
Africa.
At PAWS we let the elephants tell us what social situation works best for
them. Their individual life histories generally dictate these choices. For
example, an in-depth story by Toronto Life magazine (2010) on the elephants
at the zoo reported that “Thika, despite being more than a decade younger
than the other two [Toka and Iringa], had taken over as matriarch, and she
was using her new-found power to antagonize Toka.” The keepers tried to
teach the two to get along by “forcing them to spend time with one another
in short ‘compatibility sessions.’”
These days Thika (the only captive born elephant among the Africans) spends her time with long-time PAWS resident Mara. She can often be seen following Mara around like a little sister follows a big sister. Toka is most relaxed with Maggie and Lulu and is never far from them. PAWS’ first priority is always the health and welfare of our animals. By closely monitoring the elephants’ behaviors and honoring their choices, they have the most stress-free and comfortable lives possible – which is how it should be.
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